杏仁水提取液对实验动物的止咳、通便作用研究

目的 研究杏仁水提取液(杏仁液)对豚鼠肠及气管平滑肌的作用。方法 采用豚鼠离体气管和离体肠平滑肌实验、在体大肠炭末推进实验。结果 杏仁液能降低气管对氨水刺激的敏感性，对抗组胺、乙酰胆碱、氯化钡对气管平滑肌和肠平滑肌的兴奋作用，并具有加快大肠的蠕动作用。结论 杏仁液有明显的止咳作用和增强大肠蠕动的作用。     

冷水七抗炎作用有效部位的筛选研究

目的 观察冷水七醇提物各分离部位的抗炎作用,并确定其抗炎作用的活性部位.方法 通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验及醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验,观察冷水七醇提物各分离部位对炎症的影响.结果 冷水七醇提物正丁醇提取部位高、低剂量组对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率分别为53.04%、26.62%,与生理盐水组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),对醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验,正丁醇提取部位高、低剂量组腹腔洗涤液光密度值(A)分别为0.7896±0.3561、1.2809±0.2343,与生理盐水组比较也有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 冷水七醇提物正丁醇提取部位具有明显的抗炎作用,是冷水七发挥抗炎作用的主要有效部位.     

贯通式教学法对药理实验设计及课程认知程度的影响

目的探讨贯通式教学法对医学生药理实验设计及课程认知程度的影响。方法同年级随机分成三组(对照组、实验组A、B),实验组A、B分别进行思想引导和贯通式教学,然后对比分析其药理实验设计情况及课程认知程度。结果贯通式教学法对医学生的药理实验设计和课程认知程度的影响力优于实验组A和对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而实验组A又优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论贯通式教学法可提高医学生的科研水平和加强课程认知程度,若结合有效的思想引导,其效果更佳。     

Significance of Rosiglitazone Inhibiting TLR4 Expression in Partial Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion of Mice

The effect of rosiglitazone as the ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibiting the TLR4 expression in ischemic lobes in partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in BABL/C mice and the action of rosiglitazone inhibiting the TLR4 receptor-mediated inherent immune response were investigated. The model of the mouse partial hepatic ische- mia/reperfusion injury was established. All the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: rosiglitazone group, vehicle (dimethylsulphoxide, DMSO) group and sham operation group. The hepatic samples were collected when mice were sacrificed 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after reperfusion following 1 h ischemia to analyze the acute phase of hepatic IRI. The dynamic expression of TlR4 mRNA was de- tected quantitatively by real-time-PCR, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and ALT in portal vein were determined in all groups. After restoration of blood supply, the expression of TLR4 mRNA in ischemic lobes was detected in 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after reperfusion following 1 h ischemia in rosiglitazone group and vehicle group. The most intensive expression of TLR4 mRNA was present at 4 h after reperfusion in ischemic lobes in vehicle group. As compared with vehicle group, the expression of TLR4 mRNA in ischemic lobes in rosiglitazone group was significantly decreased at 4 h after reper- fusion. The level of IL-10 in portal vein was markedly up-regulated in rosiglitazone group as compared with vehicle group. Contrarily, the levels of TNF-α and ALT in portal vein were markedly down-regulated in rosiglitazone group as compared with vehicle group at every time point in mouse partial hepatic IRI model. Rosiglitazone could alleviate the hepatic IRI by inhibiting TLR4 receptor-mediated inherent immune response.     

番石榴叶对大鼠实验性结肠炎的保护作用

目的：研究番石榴叶对大鼠结肠炎损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：建立大鼠结肠炎模型，灌肠用药2周后，评价大鼠结肠黏膜损伤指数（CMDI），检测结肠髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（CSH—PX）活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：不同剂量番石榴叶（200、500、800mg／kg．bw）灌胃用药后均能不同程度降低模型大鼠结肠黏膜损伤指数和MPO活性、减少MDA含量。提高SOD、GSH—PX活性，且与用药剂量呈一定量效关系。结论：番石榴叶通过抗脂质过氧化。对大鼠结肠炎结肠损伤进行修复，减轻结肠损伤．抑制结肠炎大鼠炎症反应。     

Automated seizure onset detection for accurate onset time determination in intracranial EEG

ObjectiveA novel algorithm for automated seizure onset detection is presented. The method allows for precise identification of electrographic seizure onset times within large databases of electrographic data.MethodsThe patient-specific algorithm extracts salient spectral and temporal features in five frequency bands within a sliding window of an electrographic recording. Feature windows are classified as containing or not containing a seizure onset via support vector machines. A clustering and regression analysis is utilized to accurately localize seizure onsets in time. User-adjustable parameters allow for tuning of detection sensitivity, false positive rate, and latency. The method was tested on intracranial electrographic data recorded from six patients with a total of 1792 recorded seizure onsets from 8246 total electrographic recordings.ResultsTesting of algorithm performance via cross-validation resulted in sensitivities between 80% and 98%, false positive rates from 0.002 to 0.046 per minute (0.12–2.8 per hour), and median detection time within 100 ms of the electrographic onset for all patients. In five of the six patients, more than 90% of all detected onsets were less than 3 s from the electrographic onset.ConclusionsThe detection system was able to detect seizure onset times in a temporally unbiased fashion with low latency while maintaining reasonable sensitivities and false positive rates. The regression algorithm for temporal localization of onsets confers a considerable benefit in terms of detection latency.SignificanceWith the use of our algorithm, large databases of electrographic data can be rapidly processed and seizure onset times accurately marked, facilitating research and analyses of peri-onset events that require precise seizure onset alignment.     

熊果酸对活化T细胞功能的影响

目的 研究熊果酸在体外对活化的人T细胞功能的影响,探讨其作为免疫调节药物开发的可能性和提供相关实验数据.方法 无菌采集和分离正常人外周血淋巴细胞,以不同浓度的熊果酸和PHA/PMA刺激T细胞,用MTT法检测细胞的增殖反应,ELISA法检测细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、GM-CSF、IL-4的峰值浓度.结果 熊果酸对淋巴细胞的活化和增殖无显著影响(P＞0.05);熊果酸抑制IFN-γ、IL-2、GM-CSF的分泌,并呈剂量依赖性(P＜0.05),而对IL-4的分泌影响较小,无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 熊果酸抑制活化的T细胞分泌Th1型细胞因子,抑制T细胞的功能,熊果酸有可能作为治疗某些自身免疫性疾病天然药物成分.     

加味四逆散对慢性心理性应激胃溃疡模型大鼠胃黏膜形态结构及胃肠动力的影响

【目的】探讨加味四逆散对慢性心理性应激胃溃疡模型大鼠胃黏膜病理形态及胃肠功能的影响。【方法】将Wistar大鼠60只随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,西沙比利组,加味四逆散高、中、低剂量组(中药高、中、低剂量组,剂量分别为2.5、5、10 g.kg-1.d-1),每组10只,采用慢性心理性应激方法复制应激性胃溃疡大鼠模型,经加味四逆散等干预后采用常规苏木精—伊红(HE)染色镜下观察胃组织形态学改变及透射电镜法观察腺胃区胃黏膜组织细胞超微结构改变并检测胃肠功能。【结果】4周后模型组大鼠胃黏膜弥漫出血、溃疡糜烂较正常组明显,中药高、中、低剂量组大鼠胃黏膜损伤较模型组不同程度减轻。电镜观察显示正常组大鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞间连接紧凑,胞膜完整,胞核形态及大小正常;模型组大鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞间连接松解,胞质中细胞器及胞核受损严重,染色质明显边集、浓缩或均一化分布;各治疗组均较模型组不同程度好转。与模型组比较,中药高、中、低剂量组胃排空率及小肠推进比均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与西沙比利组比较,中药高剂量组小肠推进比显著性升高(P<0.05);与中药低剂量组比较,中药中、高剂量组胃排空率及小肠推进比均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】加味四逆散能显著减轻心理性应激导致的胃黏膜损伤,改善胃黏膜组织细胞的微观病理形态,调节胃肠功能。     

新冠疫情下病理学教学改革初探

网络在线教学已经成为病理学传统教学的有益补充.新冠疫情的突然爆发,使得网络在线教学成为疫情下顺利完成病理学工作的唯一途径.本文以华中科技大学同济医学病理学系疫情期间的在线教学为对象,分析和讨论了在新冠疫情期间病理学全网络教学的优势和存在的不足.为未来建立和完善病理学线上和线下教学相结合的复合型方式提供借鉴和改进方案.